[摘 要] 新中国成立后确立的计划经济体制，是战时政治、经济、军事和权力惯性作用在和平时期经济领域的必然选择和继续，这种体制曾经发挥和产生了一定的作用和成效。近三十年的实践经验与教训，让我们明了这种高度集权的经济体制严重阻碍社会经济的发展。经过艰难的反思和探索，我们最终选择了回归市场。回归方式是渐进式的改革。这种改革方式让我们有比较充裕的时间总结经验和借鉴别人的教训，保持社会基本稳定；然而，也让我们为此付出了昂贵的成本，延长了改革的进程。制约和影响真正的市场经济秩序形成的瓶颈仍然是政治与法律体制的不健全。我们必须从整体上进行改革。当务之急首先必须给政府一个明确的定位；其次，让国有企业摆脱政府的翼护，成为真正的平等的市场竞争主体；其三，下大力气完善市场体系和构建信用体系。
[关键词] 计划 市场 价格机制 政府 改革方式
Abstract: The planning economic system has promoted the China's development since the founding of the PRC, but this highly centralized economic system has its shortcomings, too. Nearly 30 years' practice, we have been knowing it very clearly that the planning economy has hindered our econominc growth and social development.After the deep rethinking and hard exploration, we have chosen the way of developing market economy. This reforming process is step by step. At present, the bottle-neck of the refom is still the defect of our political and legal systems. So, we must carry out the overall refom. Firstly, we must define the functions of government clarly. Secondly, we should let the state enterprises be the real market subject without the protection of government. Thirdly, we must make hard work to perfect the market systems and build the trust systems.
Keywords: planning, marketing, price mechanism, government, way of refom
一、计划、市场和价格机制
1、集权与计划
实践证明，这种超越社会历史发展阶段的高度集权的体制严重阻碍了生产力的发展、科学技术的创新、社会经济的进步、知识的退化、人性的异化，等等。