【内容提要】一个个有着独立生计的家户是土地占有和经营的基本单位，故农家生计的解释对理解乡村地权是一个不容忽视的视角。以往所谓“农家经济”的研究，实际上是从经济学的学科视野对农家生计做单一化的学科分析，离农民的日常生活尚有一定的距离。近代江南农民在狭小的家庭土地占有和经营规模条件下，普遍地选择兼业，除经济的考虑之外，更重要的原因在于家庭人口的再生产需要和宗祧继承的家族伦理观念，溺女婴就是一个典型地建立在文化习俗基础上的经济选择。着眼于现代化理论视角的分析，其价值诉求隐含了更多的应然判断，其逻辑是近代江南农民的经营方式不合理之处甚多，应该朝着合理的现代化方向努力。而在当时特定的社会历史空间中，江南农民的家庭生计只能是这样的一种境况。与农民的日常生活逻辑相比，学者的逻辑显得十分蹩脚。
【摘 要 题】专题研究
【英文摘要】Every independent family is a fundamental unit of land possession and management,therefore,explaining farmer's bread-and-butter is a redoubtable visual angle to understand country ownership of land.There is actually much definite space from farmhouse sustenance what some scholars call"farmer economy"to the actual livelihood of peasants.In the scale of household land possession and operation condition,the farmers universally selected part-time farming,besides economical considering,a prior cause consisted in the need of household population reproduction and the successive kin ethics,addicting baby girl was namely a type of economy select establishing on culture rite.The agrarian type of operation in modern Jiangnan had an irrationality of section very much,it would be given upon to rational modernization heading effort with an eye to modernization theory visual angle analyses,its informing implicates farther axiology,but the agrarian family livelihood in Jiangnan was only such a situation in the specific society history space at that times.The scholastic logic appears full schlock compared with that of peasants' everyday life.
【关 键 词】近代/江南/农家生计