【内容提要】中国传统文化中并非没有个人主义传统。庄子强调个人精神自由和个体人格独立，对后代有深远影响。这种庄子式的个人主义有其赖以产生的社会基础，也是建立在庄子对于人作为个体生存于社会中所面临的一些基本矛盾与困境的深刻洞察思考之上的。但它与西方意义上的个人主义相比有一些不同之处。它强调个人精神自由而忽视个人实际利益，主张逃避社会责任而不积极参与公共事务，并且有脱离大众的高蹈主义倾向，总的来说是一种消极逃避的而非积极进取的个人主义。
【关键词】庄子 个人主义 个体 自由
The Individualism in Zhuang Zi’s Sense: A Comparison between Chinese and Western Tradition of Individualism
Abstract: Zhuang Zi’s advocating of individual spiritual freedom and individual personality has far-reaching influence, and formed a unique tradition of individualism in Chinese Culture. This kind of individualism has its social foundation in ancient China and was based on Zhuang Zi’s deep watch and reflection on the basic conflict and embarrassment which people confronted with in the society as an individual existence. While showing certain positive meaning under the background of ancient Chinese history, Zhuang Zi’s individualism is quite different from its counterpart in western culture. It only emphasizes on spiritual freedom but neglects individual benefits in reality, and advocates reclusiveness and escapes from social responsibility, it also shows an elite favor and estranges itself from ordinary people. Generally speaking, Zhuang Zi’s individualism is only a kind of inactive, escaping, withdrawing, self-protecting individualism.
Key Words: Zhuang Zi; individualism; individual; freedom
一
庄子思想中对个人独立性的强调，具体体现在三个方面：